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Rosignano Marittimo, the capital of the Municipality, is made up of seven hamlets that are all linked to each other. Castiglioncello, Rosignano Solvay, and Vada are along the coast, from north to south. The hilly towns of Castelnuovo Misericordia, Gabbro, and Nibbiaia are located inland with Rosignano Marittimo.

Castiglioncello Castiglioncello is a famous elegant tourist location, which has been awarded The Blue Flag several times (just as Vada and Cala de’ Medici). It stands on a promontory immersed in the greenery, stretching out on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It was an important military center dating back to the Etruscan times, thanks to its strategic position on the sea. In Roman times, it hosted luxurious otium villas. Its success as a tourist resort began at the end of the nineteenth century by the Florentine critic and patron Diego Martelli, who accommodated the main exponents of the Macchiaioli artistic movement in his beloved estate. Between 1861 and 1870, Telemaco Signorini, Giuseppe Abbati, Odoardo Borrani, Raffaello Sernesi, and Giovanni Fattori – to mention but a few of the most famous artists - stayed there for a long time, portraying the ancient and wild beauty of its nature. Castinglioncello was visited not only by painters, but also by writers. In the early twentieth century, it took on the current appearance, filling up with elegant Art Nouveau villas overlooking the sea. Since the half of that century, it became one of the favorite holiday resorts of many personalities in the field of cinema (it is impossible to forget about the film ‘Il Sorpasso' (English: The Easy Life, 1962)), and that was its most prestigious season. Still relying on these traditions, Castiglioncello proposes itself as a quality tourist destination thanks to the many cultural activities promoted by the Municipal Administration in the field of (also) contemporary art history, entertainment, cinema, and literature. Castello Pasquini is the heart of these initiatives. It is a grand neo-Gothic building, raised at the end of the nineteenth century on the villa that once belonged to Diego Martelli, and immersed in the Mediterranean vegetation of its private park.
Rosignano Solvay Born in the early decades of the twentieth century around the homonymous industrial complex, Rosignano Solvay is the latest, but most complete example of northern European ‘garden city’ in Italy. Solvay, which is in the south, still represents a kind of oasis, characterized by wide, beautifully-landscaped green spaces, tree-lined avenues that enhance public buildings prospectively, and residential streets that ensure privacy and tranquility. Solvay expanded significantly until the '60s of the last century thanks to the successful factory. It is currently the largest and most dynamic hamlet of the Municipality and has a complex diversified socio-economic context. A close network of small and medium-sized enterprises and commercial activities developed next to the large chemical pole, along with seaside tourism, especially related to young people, who have been attracted by the exotic, almost tropical look of the renowned 'Spiagge Bianche’ (White Beaches), which extend up to Vada. A new impetus to the sector was given by the opening of the ‘Marina Cala de’ Medici’ marina, which a picturesque promenade connects with Castiglioncello in the north. Divided in two parts by the railway line and the parallel Via Aurelia, this hamlet has long suffered from the lack of a real historical center. The problem has been solved thanks to the creation of new infrastructure. The enhancement of its ‘historical’ poles is ongoing, such as Piazza Monte alla Rena, in the seaside area, and Piazza Risorgimento, which is upstream, a few steps from the 'new' and multipurpose Piazza del Mercato.
Vada Vada is the only hamlet of the Municipality that can boast an uninterrupted life from ancient times to the present day. It was the Etruscan and Roman port of Volterra – frequently mentioned in Latin documents - and its name (from the Latin term vadum) refers to the characteristics of the front sea area, where shallows protected ships at anchor from south-west winds, representing at the same time a dangerous pitfall in case of storm. It was the heart of extensive commercial trade with the whole Mediterranean area until the beginning of the Middle Ages, and followed the destiny of Pisa, on which it depended, sharing its thirteenth-century serious decline. The proof of those times is the Torre del Faro, which is a tower built by Pisan people and subsequently restored by the House of Medici. It probably was one of the few monuments sailors could see along the desolate maremma coast. The current structure derives from the work by Pietro Leopoldo and, above all, Leopold II of Tuscany, who wanted to redeem the surrounding fertile plains from marshes and the neglect of landlords. An agricultural and social policy allowed them to be cultivated. The new hamlet, which was thoroughly designed, had the church square in its center, from which the main roads of the area radiated out, including the Via Regia Maremma, that is today's Via Aurelia. This town and the surrounding countryside still bear the traces of the land reclamation works carried out between the late eighteenth century and the half of the nineteenth century. Two centuries later, high-quality agriculture is still one of the main resources of the coastal hamlet together with tourism, which is mostly characterized by many campsites in the coastal pine wood.
Rosignano Marittimo Rosignano Marittimo, the capital of the Municipality, is a charming medieval town perched on top of a hillock overlooking the Tyrrhenian coast. Even though its name is of Roman origin (gens Rasinia was a Pisan noble family that had land holdings in this area), the castle, which is the oldest part of the town, was probably built during the tenth century A.D. The castle was extensively remodeled and transformed from a place where people settled to a representation center. It includes the buildings that were owned by the largest landowners in the area, such as the Fattoria degli Arcivescovi di Pisa, which now hosts the Municipal Administration and is the ‘symbol’ of the country. A restoration dating back to the '30s made this building look medieval with fake stone blocks and battlements. Moreover, the Castle includes Palazzo Bombardieri, which now hosts the Archaeological Museum. The hamlet develops at the foot of the castle with its distinctive narrow streets, in which cultural, religious, and food-and-wine events take place throughout the year. On the eastern side, Parco dei Poggetti covers a large cultivated area and a surface that is rich in Mediterranean vegetation. This place is perfect for picturesque strolls in the greenery.
Castelnuovo Misericordia Castelnuovo della Misericordia is the result of a complex housing process that characterized the hilly area in the Middle Ages: several castles, many of which no longer exist, followed each other and partly coexisted, including Camaiano, Castelvecchio, and Castelnuovo. Developed at the foot of the latter, today's hamlet also includes the remains of Castelvecchio, which was largely destroyed by a devastating earthquake in 1846. The name ‘della Misericordia’ derives from Pia Casa di Misericordia of Pisa, which owned a large estate grazed by animals since the fourteenth century and whose administrative center was the building known as 'Villa Santa Maria Assunta' (or Fattoria di Castello). The original parish of Santo Stefano, included in the walls of the castle, was replaced by the present church, built in a more central position in the mid-seventeenth century. Its municipality was independent for a long time and was united to Rosignano Marittimo only in 1776. The surroundings of the town offer rural and wooded landscapes of rare beauty, which can be crossed thanks to the close network of ancient trails rich in archaeological remains, such as the Etruscan necropolis of Pian dei Lupi and the surrounding wall of Monte Carvoli.
Gabbro Built on the eastern side of the hills of Leghorn, Gabbro has medieval origins too. It is never mentioned as a castle in documents - in the fourteenth century it was defined as ‘rural hamlet’. This agglomeration probably inherited the population of the nearby castles of Torricchi and Contrino, which were destroyed during the Late Middle Ages. Its name (from the Latin term glabrum) refers to the bareness of the soil, rich in volcanic rocks - the ‘gabbro’, precisely, was so named in honor of its hamlet. The hillock on which the town stands is called ‘Pelato’, which is similar. From 1547 onwards, the House of Medici attempted to colonize this area repeatedly in order to increase the agricultural production necessary for the development of the center of Leghorn. The grand-ducal interest is also shown by the remains of several water mills, dating back to the same period, which stood along the upper valley of Botro Sanguigna and were part of a larger production system created to give wheat to Leghorn, which was set to become the main industrial center of Tuscany. The close link with Leghorn is symbolized by Villa Mirabella, which is a rich and spectacular eighteenth-century residence located on top of a hill at the entrance of the village. It is the only example of Renaissance architecture in this area and can be compared with the villas in the hinterland of Pisa and Lucca. It was the country house of the Finoyet (which will be later called Finocchietti), a French family who moved from Savoy because of the favorable economic conditions offered by the port of Leghorn. Gabbro’s name probably recalls the one of Silvestro Lega, a Macchiaioli painter who lived there from 1886 to almost his death and who immortalized these landscapes and inhabitants in his paintings.
Nibbiaia Nibbiaia is the only hamlet of the Municipality that cannot boast ancient origins. It was born as rural settlement in the second half of the eighteenth century along the ancient ridgeway of Vajolo, which leads from Castelnuovo to the sea near Quercianella. The grand-ducal provisions of 1782 had forced Pia Casa della Misericordia di Pisa to grant its tenures under a lease, also with the obligation to build houses for farmers. The new buildings were distributed in six groups throughout the territory. Over time, with the construction of new buildings along the main roads, including many houses for shepherds, the different groups were joined and the hamlet took on the present appearance. Logging and tillage for the cultivation of new lands took place during the nineteenth century and until the first decades of the twentieth century. The result of these operations has left many traces in the agricultural landscape, which is still characterized by long fields and live fences that served as borders. This hamlet offers quality agricultural products and a growing agritourism activity. It can boast some of the most beautiful landscapes of the Tuscan coast, crossed by picturesque hiking trails and a bridle-path that starts from Nibbiaia and curls along the entire area.